methodological interpretation

A. Background
The Qur'an is the revelation of Allah revealed to the prophet Muhammad delivered through the angel Gabriel. The emergence of such a contemporary interpretation methods triggered by concerns posed when dilakuka contextual interpretation without understanding the background of citations and downs verse the Qur'an. Yan survey conducted olh Jansen against patterns of thought modern commentators on 3 maps show that in mind, namely the interpretation patterns of thought ilmi, physiological interpretation, and interpretation adabi ijtima'i.
While the findings of contemporary scholars referral, adopted by most experts the selection method of the Qur'an tafsir al-quran to 4 methods:
1. Ijmali (global)
2. Tahlili (analyst)
3. Moqorin (comparison)
4. Maudlu'i (thematic)
5. And plus one more
In this paper the authors tried to keep track of the styles and methodology as well as the contemporary interpretation of the tokoht-okoh who took part in initiating and developing a modern interpretation of contemporary discourse.



The purpose of making this paper is to know the background of the presence of the interpretation methods and reveals the process of formulating a method of interpretation trsebut.

Based on beakang problems mentioned above can be limited subject matter of space blakangi background for the interpretation method and how the application of the interpretation methods.


A. Definition Methodology Commentary
The term is derived from the word methodology methodos meaningful way / road and logos meaning word or speech. So methodology is a discourse about doing something. In Arabic translated by manhaj or methodology Minhaj which means that the light path. While the term interpretation etymologically means of explanation and decomposition. The term in Arabic comes from the word fassara mrupakan yufassiru meaningful information and takwil.
Tafsir is the science that is used to understand and explain the meanings of the book of Allah revealed to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. As well as to conclude the contents of law and silver lining.
Theoretically, the interpretation means that efforts to expand the meaning of the text of al-Quran, while practically means that efforts to adapt the text of the Quran.
So the interpretation of al-Quran is a science to understand and interpret concerned with al-Quran and its contents as giving an explanation of the meaning and content of the Quran, especially regarding the verses that are not understood and vague meaning.
While it is identical to modern contemporary. It can be concluded that the interpretation kontemmporer adaah interpretation or explanation of the verses of the Quran with kkinian or current conditions. But the modernists argue that the majority of Muslims did not understand the message of al-quran actual loss because the core ith actual knowledge. According to the sheikh asljazairi in Saheeh at-taujih;
Tafsir is essentially explained lafadz yag sugar understood by the listener by suggesting synonyms lafadz know the meaning of the approach road megemukakan one of the lafadz dilalah.

B. Interpretation of Contemporary History Emergence
In the 19th century or the 15th is that the Islamic world is progressing in various fields, including the field of interpretation.
The emergence of a contemporary interpretation method of which will be triggered concerns that will be inflicted (1701-1762) of dhelhi Islamic reformer, a man who contributed in the writing mmprakarsai interpretation "modern", two famous work is Hujjah al-Baligha and Ta'wil alhadits fi rumuzqishosh al anbiya containing modern yntang. Across indo: pakistan, mngena Permits figures such as ash azad, Al-masriqi, and a host of other figures from the Middle East such as Amin al-khull (w.1978), Hasan (w.2000), Nasr Abu Zayd (1942) and Fazlur Rahman ,
1. The development of the interpretation in terms of style of interpretation
a. Period Salaf
In the time after the beginning of the death of Prophet Muhammad SAW. Begin the companions of al-quran pnafsiran malalui trutama ijtiha and their friends who have that field, such as Ali bin Abi Talib, Ibn 'abbas, Ubay bin kaa'ab and Ibn Mas'ud. While at the figures appeared tabi'in new interpretation among which said bin Jubair, Mujahid bin jabr, muahammad bin Ka'b, zaid bin aslam, hasan al bashhriy, Amir al sya'bi.
b. Contemporary period (khalaf)
At first, the interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an brdasarkan ijtihad, is still very limited and terkai with kidah-language rules and meanings embodied by a vocabulary. But with the development of the times in which diverse interpretations in other anyara pattern: (a) literary style of language that arise due to the many people rab convert to Islam. (b) scientific interpretation patterns arising from the development and progress of science. (c) pattern of jurisprudence / law ditibulkan due to the formation of schools of jurisprudence. (d) the literary style of civic culture.
C. The style-style of interpretation known so far between:
a. The style of Arabic literature
Which arise due to the many non-Arab people who embraced Islam and due to the weakness of the Arabs themselves in the field of literature that needs to explain to them about the meaning and the content contained in the Qur'an.
b. Corak scientific interpretation
This pattern caused by the progress of science and business interpreter to understand the verses of the Qur'an with the development of science.
c. Corak jurisprudence
This pattern caused by the NII formation of schools in Islam jurisprudence that stiap group seeks to membutikan kebnaran opinion.
d. The style of literature and culture community
This pattern explains the clues verses of the Qur'an that are directly related to people's lives.

D. Method of Interpretation
Each mufassir have different methods in details with the other commentators mm. But in general it can be observed since the third period daqrin writing of the commentary kitb smpai 1990, the mufassir menfsirkan mufassirkan Qur'an in verse by verse on adult development is referring to the discovery of contemporary scholars embraced some scholars of the Qur'an for example Farmawi (in Indonesia), popularized by M.uraish Shihab in his writings is the selection method of interpretation of the Qur'an in 4 methods:

1. METHOD TAHLILI (GLOBAL)
This method is a method without the need for a detailed explanation of the prophet Muhammad, but enough with gestures and simple description.
Among wear this method, mufassir popular among which jalal al din al Mahali (864H) and jalal al din Suyuti (911H) whose interpretation is often famous for the title al Jalalain interpretation.
In the modern era, the tendency of the application of the global method in the interpretation of the Quran followed by Muhammad Farid Wadji (1875-1940) in his tafsir al-Quran and al interpretation alkarim al Wasit, published by a team of majma'al al Islamiyah.
The advantage of this method lies in the character that is simple and easy to understand, not mngandung element of interpretation that smells israilliyat and closer to study the Quran. While weakness among others are farsial and no room to express memadahi analysis.
2. METHOD TAHLLI (ANALYTICAL)
According to al farmawi: analytical method is a method of a method of interpretation Birth of the analytical method it because of lack of satisfaction of the reactor consuming method globally as more people convert to Islam who is not of the Arab nation, to anticipate this expert commentary al-Uran seeks to interpret the verses of al-Quran in harmony with the times and the demands of heterogeneous community life.
In practice this method dibedaka in two forms namely ma'tsur and ra'y. While interpretation bervbagai oenyajiannya includes features such as language, science, philosophy, literature social community.
Among the works that adopt this method in the form alma'tsur is Jami'al bayan ta'wil Quran work ibn Jarir althabari (w.310 / 923) Qur'an tafsir al Azhim works of Ibn Kathir (w.911 / 1122) etc. While a number of commentaries bi al ray seerti Ahkam Quran by al jashshash (w.370 / 980) is patterned jawahirn law of the Koran by al Ghazali (w.505 / 1111). Almaraghi Tafsir works Mustafa Ahmad al marghiw (w.1945) and many other works.
The advantage of this method is bahsanya very wide coverage and accommodate various ideas, while weakness among others are farsial and inconsistent.
3. METHOD COMPARISON (MUQORIN)
This method is the method of interpretation suggested comparison interpretation of the verses of the Qur'an were written by the commentators. Among the works that uses this method is Durraty al tanzil wa al ta'wil work ghurrat AK ISFAKI (w.240), alburhan fitaujih mutasyabah Qur'an by al karmani (w.505 / 1111) and al jami'li Ahkam al -Qur'an of al Qurthubi (w.671).
The advantage of this method is the ability to provide insight into a relatively broad interpretation to the reader mentoleril differences, enriching opinions and comments about a verse.
While weakness is not suitable reviewed by beginners and impressed dominant than the previous scholars discuss the interpretation of the new scholars ,.
4. METHOD TEMATIK (MAUDLU'I)
The advantage of this method is situated on its capacity to meet the challenges of the times because it is the show to solve the problem, dynamic, and practical, the reader can save 6 time, and the selection of the theme of the theme up to date makes Qur'an is not outdated. While the drawbacks which lies in the presentation of the verse Qur'an truncated pieces so that the impression is less ethical to verses of the Qur'an.
Works among which mar'ah fi Al-Quran and Al-Ihsan fi al-Qur'an by abbas Mahmoud Al-Aqqad, Al-Riba fi Al-Quran Al-Karim works abu al ala al Maududi.
5. METHOD CONTEXTUAL
This method is based on consideration of the analysis of language background, history, sociology, among repologi applicable and growing in the life of the Islamic Arab society. The presence of this method triggered by concerns that will ditimmbulkan when done textual interpretation, regardless of the situation and the background of the decline in a verse as important data.
Contextual term containing at least three senses:
1. Efforts meaning in anticipation of urgent problems, so the contextual meaning is identical to the situation.
2. Meaning that saw interest in the past and the future.
3. mendudukan between the central and terepannya. It also seats the Qur'an as a central morality
Contextual designation method is closely related to Hermeneutics. which is a method of text interpretation can leave dar study of language, history sosiologdan flosufis. Basically Hermeneutics is closely related to the language, which were dictated either melai thoughts, discourse, or in writing. the area becomes very broad interpretation, particularly in relation to the humanistic sciences, history, law, law, religion, philosophy, art, literature and linguistics kedisiflimnan science.
Among the well-known commentators in konnstektual method that Amin al Khuli (1895-1966) and Falur Rahman.
Methodological approach initiated by Amin al Khulli for example, using mnggabung kontemporeryang literary criticism in the extrinsic intrinsicdan mengkanji Qur'anic text. these two approaches in practice either by Bint al syathi, in the Bayani Li tapsir al Qur'an al karimdan Maqal fi al insane, in rasah Qur'aniyyah.
According syathi said Nas () and beings. although it has the basic meaning of the talk about "man" turned out to have different meanings. According to the words syathi Bint al basyar () has a human meaning in a biological sense, while alinsa and al nas word meaning man as a creature of culture and cultural creators.
The approach is the same thing that dilakukun by fazrul Rahman and memehami word usury, by stating the relevant paragraph, usury could mean:
     a.Berkembang al Hajj (22):
"Jering you see the ground, then when we send down water on it, live it and developing the earth."
b. Increased increased al-rum (30): 39
"And an usury (brtambah) you give him to add to the wealth of human, then it does not increase the usury Allah SWT."
c. Expands in a letter al-Ra'du (13): 17
"But the torrent bears foam expands." Step Rahman presented as part of a method of interpretation is called a double movement.
In the first movement the method is carried out searches of text meaning yan aligned with the context at the time the Qur'an was revealed, because the message of Qur'an should be studied in chronological order.
Then the difference between legal provisions with the goal or objective Qur'an through understanding the context of sociology.




E.KESIMPULAN
The description above inference that modern commentators characterized by attempts to unearth the Qur'an in the midst of life of Muslims. They prove that the Qur'an is universal and can answer the challenges of the times. What is done is an attempt ijtihad modern commentators who perhaps only matched by the social, culturan respectively, and do not match the social cultural dngan between them.



F.DAFTAR REFERENCES
-syukri Ahmad, "Tafsir Al-Quran methodology contemporary in view pazlur Rahman" (Jambi: Sulton Taha Press, 2007)
-al-Quran Digital.com 2004
-http.sejarah tafsir_Dr.M.Quraisy development Syihab.diakses dated 1 October 2015
-setiawan nur Kholi "Quran in the classical historical and konteporer", journal study al-Qur'an (ciputat: center study quran (PSQ), 2006)
- Http://ushuluddin.com / journal / item / 30 access to the date of 1 October 2015